10.31
Deffi_maniez
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Formula of modals is:
Modals + verb 1 + O/C. Can be used in every tenses.
a. Could is the past tense of can
The modal auxiliary could is used
- To express an ability in the past: I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
- To express past or future permission: Could i bury my cat in your back yard?
- To express present possibility: We could always spend the afternoon just sitting around talking
- To express possibility or ability in contingent circumstances :
If he studied harder, he could pass this course.
When could is used in the past, it means was able to. Example:
I was able to find a parking space.
Would is the past tense of willThe modal auxiliary would is used to express a reapeated action in the past
- When would is used in the past, it means “used to”, for example:
When i was younger, I would run two hours every day.
This means that i used to run two hours every day and now i don`t. to express more polite
(request)
Would you (please) feed the dog?
Would you (please) feed the dog?
- When would is used in the present, it show more polite.
For unreal condition Mary would go to the Caribbean, but she doesn`t have enough money.(present)
Mary would have gone to the Carribbean, but she didn`t have money.(past tense)
Might is the past tense of may.Is used to express of granting or seeking permission. Might, I leave class early?
- To express future possibility. She might be my advisor next semester.
- To express past possibility. Desty came late this morning, she might have missed the bus.
d. Should is the past tense of shall. Most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as ecpectation. Example: When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Postdam. (recommendation) You should focus more on your family and less on work. (advice) i really should be in the office by 7:00 am. (obligation)
By now, they should already be in Dubai. (expectation)
Conversation :
Modals and Modality
Modal verbs are common auxiliary verbs in Germanic languages including English that indicate modality. Modality is the grammaticalized expression of the subjective attitudes and opinions of the speaker including possibility, probability, necessity, obligation, permissibility, ability, desire, and contingency.
The Modal Verbs in English
Position of Modal Verbs
Modal verbs always appear in the first position at the beginning of the verb phrase in English. Unlike other verbs, modal verbs do not show tense or number. The eight possible verb phrase combinations that contain modal verbs in English are:
- modal verb + base form = will eat
- modal verb + be + present participle = will be eating
- modal verb + have + past participle = will have eaten
- modal verb + be + past participle = will be eaten
- modal verb + have + been + present participle = will have been eating
- modal verb + have + been + past participle = will have been eaten
- modal + be + being + past participle = will be being eaten
- modal verb + have + been + being + past participle = will have been being eaten
Double Modals
Although most varieties of English only allow for the use of one modal verb per verb phrase, some English dialects such as Southern American English allow for multiple modals. For example, the double modal might could as in He might could build a new machine shed expresses both possibility and ability. However, prescriptive grammars proscribe against the use of double modals.
Some Definitions of English Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are difficult to define in any language because of the wide range of pragmatic uses of modal verbs by native speakers. Some of the more common definitions (in no particular order) of the modal verbs in English are:
- can – ability, permission, possibility, request
- could – ability, permission, possibility, request, suggestion
- may – permission, probability, request
- might – possibility, probability, suggestion
- must – deduction, necessity, obligation, prohibition
- shall – decision, future, offer, question, suggestion
- should – advice, necessity, prediction, recommendation
- will – decision, future, intention, offer, prediction, promise, suggestion
- would – conditional, habit, invitation, permission, preference, request, question, suggestion
Examples of Modal Verb Usage
The following sentences are examples of usage of modal verbs in English. For example, the following four sentences all ask for permission but with different degrees and types of modality:
- Can I go to the bathroom? (asking for permission)
- May I go to the bathroom? (more politely asking for permission)
- Could I go to the bathroom? (asking for permission with less certainty)
- Might I go to the bathroom? (asking for permission with uncertainty)
- You could listen to me. (suggestion)
- You might listen to me. (uncertain suggestion)
- You should listen to me. (strong suggestion)
- You must listen to me. (stronger suggestion)
- You will listen to me. (strongest suggestion)
Modal Verbs Practice Exercise
Identify the modal verb and modality (definition) in the following sentences.
Sentences
Sentences
- You could ride your bike across the country, but I advise against it.
- Since all dogs are mammals, this golden retriever must be a mammal.
- You might consider finishing your degree.
- I will finish my essay tonight even if I have to forgo sleep.
- The puppy can sit on command.
- I would eat cereal every day as a child.
- You may encounter some difficult patrons on occasion.
- The train should arrive in a few minutes.
- The situation would not be so bad if we all remained calm.
- I will have earned my graduate degree next spring.
- could – possibility
- must – deduction
- might – suggestion
- will – intention
- can – ability
- would – habit
- may – probability
- should – prediction
- would – conditional
- will – future
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